Improved windmill



www l ffy@ N. PETERS, FHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER. WASHINGTON D C Setta am SAMUEL H. HALSTEAD, or GODEREY, ILLiNoIS, ADMINISTRATOR or THE ESTATE or JESSE E. cLoUeH, nEcEASED.

Letters Patent No. 84,614, dated December` l, 1868.

IMPRovED WINDMILL.

'J'.he 'Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

To all whom tt may concern Be it known that JESSE R. OLOUGH, of Godfrey, in the county of Madison, and State of Illinois, invented a new and useful Improvement in Windmills; and that the following is a full, clear, and exactv description thereof, enabling those skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference'being had to the accompanying drawing, forming part of this specification, in which drawing- Figure l is a horizontal section, taken through the vanes.

' Figure 2 is a like section, the vanes and shaft being left out of view, so as to show the deces for regulating the doors or wind-boards.

Similar letters indicate corresponding parts.

This invention relates to windmills, or wind-wheels, as they are also sometimes called, of the class which has a vertical shaft, with vanes revolvingin a hori zontal plane, and enclosed in an outer case, which is so constructed as to serve the twofold purpose of a mill-building and a regulator, to govern the access of wind to the wheel-or vanes.

For this example of the invention, the outer case represents a twelve-sided structure, whose upper part is'provided with as many hinged doors or wind-boards, to control the openings in the sides.

These doors or wind-boards are hinged on the right or left-hand side, to correspond with the shape or position of the vanes.

The lower part ofthe structure or outer case has -closed sids, and is partly occupied by the regulatingapparatus.

The letter A designates the hinged doors or windboards, which are severally connected to rigid rods B, whose inner ends are connected at points equidistant from each other, to a horizontal wheel, G, that revolves around the shaft of the wind-wheel', being tted closely around a collar H, within which the shaft turns.

From one side of the -rim of the wheel C projects a radial arm, d), which reaches nearly to the outer case, and to the said arm, near or at its end, is attached an endless cord or band, E, which runs over guiding-pulleys, F F, placed to the right and left of the arm, at points just beyond the ends ofthe arc through which the said arm G is intended to move, whence said cord E goes down to a drum or windlass below, but nothere shown, to which it is permanently secured.

Thedrum or windlass has the usual radial arms, by which it is turned.

By turning said windlass in either direction, 'the central wheel C is revolved towards the right or left, as desired, and the hinged doors or wind-boards A are thrown out or drawn in, and adjusted to any desired point, to admit a greater or less supply'of wind to the vanes, or, by closing them, to cut oif the access of the wind, and, at the same time, 'protect the vanes and theinterior of the mill from rain and from the atmos phere.

rlhe wind-wheel is .composed of two disks, J, only one of which is here shown, fixed on a vertical shaft, K, said disks being of such a diameter that they will freely tin'n within the outer case of the mill, and being placed 'apart a distance about equal to the height of the hinged doors or wind-boards A.

Between these disks are placed vertical vanes, L, cquidistant from each other, and corresponding in number to the doors A.

The said vanes are of a general triangular shape, and their sides are placed at the angles, respectively, of about ninety degrees, forty-five degrees, and one hundred and ten degrees, with respect to a tangent edges of the vanes. But these proportions are not absolutely essential, since a deviation of a few degrees rially interfere with the effectiveness of theinvention.

The said vanes can be modiied in form, without departing from the principle of the invention, as, for example, they can be made of the different forms and angles shown in the vanes marked M N, iig. l.

Each vane is equal to about one-fourth the whole diameterof the disks J, and they are set so as to bring their outer edges about in line with the peripheries of the disks, and, consequently, the centre of the wheel is left open, and-freevfrom any obstruction other than the shaft.

The vanes are placed with their backs, which are the bases of theirtriangular forms, on a radial line, drawn from the centre of the wheel. This arrangement brings the narrow faces P (which are supposed to able position to receive thedirect action of the wind, which enters through the openings, which are controlled by the wind-boards A.

The wind, after acting upon the faccs P,Apasses over the faces Q, (which are supposed to be arranged at an angle of one hundred and ten degrees,) and'crosses the interior of the wheel, passing the shaft K, and strikes the faces Q on the opposite side of the wheel, on it way out.

-The wind, consequently, acts twice lon each vane, once, in its impact, against the outer faces P, and again while passing out of the wheel, wheuit comes against the inner faces Q, on the opposite side of the wheel to used to great advantage and with great economy, and the pressure on opposite sides of the shaft is approximately equalized.

The shape of the outer case or ame can be varied, at pleasure, from Aa square to a circular form.

power, by enlarging the wind-surface of the vanes and drawn at the circumference of the wheel, at the outer will not alter the principle of construction,or matebe drawn to the angles of forty-five degrees) in a suitthe place of entrance, whereby the force'of the wind is4 This mill can .be adapted to almost any degree of increasing the diameter of the wheel, or three distinct Wheels can be placed in a triangularcase, and geared together, and WhereH speed is required dii-ect from the power, this is perhaps the best adaptation of this form of wheel, as three small wheels, having a sum of surfacei-measurement equal to that of one large one, would give the speed which may be required, in a direct manner, without the expense of the usual intermediate gearing of varying diameters, the speed attained being due to the diameter of the wheel, and the power to the surface-measurement of the vanes.

Having thus described this invention.

What is claimed as new, and desired to be secured by `Letters Patent, is-

The triangular vanes L, arranged substantially as described, so that their narrow faces P are exposed to the direct action of the Wind on entering the ivheel, and .the adjoining faces Q are vexposed to its action when leaving the wheel.

v SAMUEL H. HALSTEAD. Witnesses:

E. C. SCHOENTHALER, N. T. ATHERTON. 

